Professional Photo Editing Service, Graphic Design Service, Photo Designer, Photography Aritists, Photo Retouching Services, Online Photo Editing, Graphic Design. Best Photo Editing Software Reviews 2. The Best Photo Editing Software. We assembled a list of 1. Adobe Photoshop CS6. Photoshop CS6 offers the best range of features and a flexible interface for professional photographers, living up to its title as the industry standard in photo editing. Choosing the Right Photo Editing Software for You. ![]()
While there is a clear industry- leading product for photo editing software, that doesn’t mean it’s the best option for everyone. Price is a major factor in addition to the equipment being used and the level or experience of the photo editor. Check out the links below based on your specific needs to help narrow down the list and find the right photo editing software for you. What Photo Editing Features Matter and Why.Advanced Editing.Advanced Editing includes the editing tools that are required by most professionals and appreciated by the average consumer photo editor. Top 4 Best Laptops for Photoshop/Photo Editing Reviews 1.Dell Inspiron i7559-7512 – Photoshop Laptop. Dell Inspiron i7559-7512 is a worth taking laptop having an I. ![]() Advanced Editing includes features like layers, masks, text entry, and selection options and tools. Advanced Editing is an important category because it holds high value for both consumer- level photo editors and professionals. Consumer photo editors will appreciate the ability to take their photos above and beyond, while professionals will rely on these tools on a daily basis. The Most Important Advanced Editing Features. Bit Image Editing — You can edit 1. Add Grain/Noise — You can simulate traditional, film- style grain and noise in your digital images. Advanced Color Image Operations — You can perform color image operations such as color correction, color zones, color transfer, and vibrance. Audio Editing — You can perform basic audio editing within the software. Black- and- White Conversion — You can convert a color image into a black- and- white image using any number of methods. Blend — You can blend areas of an image together. Blur — You can soften the detail of an image. Collage — You can create a collage of images. Color Adjustment Tools — You can use a tool to replace missing color or match existing colors. Color Management — You can maintain color quality as an image moves from device to device. Color to Grayscale — You can convert a color image into a black- and- white image using this specific method. Control Points — You can use control points, a series of small squares placed on the edges and corners of a rectangular selection, to modify a selection by dragging the small squares as needed. Distortion Control/Correction — You can reduce pincushion and barrel distortion effects. Effects — You can add general effects to an image. Exposure Adjustment — You can adjust the exposure of an image. Filters — You can use any of the standard filter types to alter images. Generate Mosaic Images — You can create a single large image made from a number of other smaller images. Gradients — You can create smooth transitions between adjacent colors. Image Correction — You can brighten shadows, fix unwanted flash, and repair backlight effects. Image Zoom — You can enlarge or shrink the view of the image, in part or in total, as needed. Layers — You can make changes to images on individual sheets that can be stacked to form the combined image. Each layer can be adjusted without changing the other layers. Masks — You can protect certain areas of an image from being modified. Nondestructive Editing Environment — You can make changes to images without altering the original version. Photo Text Entry — You can type right on the image you are working on and see the text in real time. Post- Processing Effects — You can create effects after processing to include framing and vignetting. Reshaping, Manipulating, and Resizing — You can enhance, enlarge, or reduce images, cut images to predefined or custom formats, and measure and mark image content. Retouch Brush — You can remove blemishes, dust and other unusual elements from images while maintaining its integrity. Saturation/Warmth — You can control the strength and warmth of a color. Selection Options — Once you have made a selection, you can set aspect ratios, adjust selection sizes, move selections, turn the selection into a mask, and/or add feathering to the edges. Selection Tools — You can use different tools to select an area of the image to work on, including the circle, square, wand, and/or lasso. Sepia Enhancement — You can add a sepia (brown- gray) tone to an image. Shadow and Highlight Adjustment — You can control the levels of shadow and highlights in your image. Sharpen — You can enhance the detailed edges within an image. Support for Custom Palettes — This software supports custom color palettes. Templates — You can create project or metadata templates. Text Effects — You can add effects to text, such as drop shadows, 3. D, perspective, curved text, and path text. Transformations — You can trim, skew, scale, flip, mirror, rotate, and/or add perspective to an image. Watermarks — You can create savable, personalized, and usually semi- transparent watermarks for your images. Digital Painting. Digital Painting covers a variety of tools that allow a photo editor to use different painting techniques on a photo. Some of the most used Digital Painting features are paintbrushes and pencils. To make things easier, many photo editing products also include custom brush options and a color mixer that allows the artist to save colors for later use. Digital Painting is highly important for professional photo editors who put a high value on post- production. For those who wish to keep their photos in more of a raw format, Digital Painting holds a much lower importance rating. The Most Important Digital Painting Features. Color Mixer — You can mix and save colors for later use. Custom Brush Options — You can change your brush options, including size, shape, and type. Drawing Modes — You can enter into different drawing modes within the software. Floodfill Options — You can fill in an enclosed area with your choice of color. Layer Blending Modes — You can control how different layers blend with one another. Mix Brush — You can have multiple colors on one brush. Paint Brush — You can paint color in several ways, such as airbrush, watercolor, and oil brush. Papers — You have a choice of paper options on which to draw. Pencil — You can use a pencil tip for more detailed painting. Pen Tablet Connection — You can use pen tablets to control specific drawing actions within the software, including pressure, direction, orientation, and more. Shapes — You can create different shapes, such as dots, lines, ellipses, rectangles, circles, and Bezier splines. Tools — You can use multiple tools such as stencil, crop, panorama, and distortion. Interface. Interface is made up of the layout and options provided by the software. Some of the key features in the Interface category include being able to customize workspaces and view images in multiples ways. While Interface may not necessarily measure a product’s capabilities in terms of editing, it can greatly enhance or destroy the usability and functionality of a product. For that reason, Interface is very important because convenience is valued by anyone using editing software. The Most Important Interface Features. Change Default Templates — The set of templates at startup can be changed. Configurability — You can modify and/or expand the overall interface to fit your needs. Create New Transparent Image — You can create a new image with a transparent background. Customizable Workspaces — You can modify individual workspaces within the interface. Dockable Panels — You can dock and undock individual panels from the main interface. Dual- Monitor Support — You can work on this software on multiple monitors. Editable menu shortcuts — You can edit menu shortcuts. Filter Preview — You can preview filter changes in real time before applying the filter to the image. Panels — The software consists of paneled units, such as a color picker, tools, or gradient panel. Screen Capture — You can capture (save) an image from your screen. Scriptable File Management — The software provides a method to script the program. Support for Pen Tablets — You can use pen tablets to control general actions within the software. Tethered Capture — You can save live images on your camera directly to your computer. Viewing Options — You can view images in multiple ways. Virtual Memory Management — The software manages the virtual memory of the computer so as to not over- stress the entire system by taking up too much of the resources. Learning Materials.
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How to setup Google Analytics and Google Search Console/Webmaster Tools. When you move your site to ssl, you have to adjust your settings in Google Analytics and Google Webmaster Tools/Search Console accordingly. It’s not much work, but it’s important you fix it. In short, you need to set your primary domain in both Webmaster Tools as in Google analytics to your https domain. I’ll discuss Search Console first, but it really doesn’t matter in which order you do it. ![]() I got to where I am like a lot of new arrivals to New York City have—I went out and introduced myself to complete strangers who had no reason to invest in me or. · 2.1) Single-Seat Installation with live TV Support (or a Client/Server Installation where the you would also like the server to have the client-side software installed). New user - trying to upload initial files and getting this error msg - Status: Connecting to 76.189.214.113:21. Status: Connection attempt failed with "ECONNREFUSED. Webmaster Tools / Search Console. In Google Search Console (Google Webmaster Tools), you should add the https variant, and select a preferred domain. This can be both the www or non- www variant of your domain. You should add all variants of your domain: http: //domain. If you don’t know how to add a new property, follow these instructions from Google. As you will have for properties for each site, you can also create a set, in which you bundle all properties for one domain. To create a set, click the “create a set” button to the right of the red “create property” button. The preferred domain should match the one in the general settings of Word. Press, the site url. To set as your preferred domain, do the following: On the Search Console Home page, click the site you want. Click the gear icon, and then click Site Settings. In the Preferred domain section, select the option you want. Google Analytics. After you move to SSL, you should change your domain in Google Analytics to https. This way, GA starts registering your hits again. I would recommend using the . GA might not register hits if the site is not redirecting properly to https. The language on the screenshots is not English, but it will look the same in English. To update the GA settings, in Google Analytics, first go to your website dashboard, and click the cogwheel at the bottom, “Admin” . Now there are two urls that need to be changed. For tracking, only the url under “view settings” appears to be important, but I would change both anyway. So first, click “property settings”, and change the default url. Then click “view settings” and change the website url. Now, change the protocol to https for both url’s. That’s it! Your site is now correctly configured for SSL. If Really Simple SSL fixed your issues and/or saved you time, you might consider buying the premium plugin to support the continuing development of the plugin. You’ll get some great additional features, like HTTP strict Transport Security, the SSL certificate expiration warning and premium support. How to setup linux permissions for the WWW folder? The /var/www directory is owned by root: root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no- one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i. These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like Fast. CGI for PHP). The developers. How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however- many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic.I know that 7. 77 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other.So this doesn't seem to be needed correct as it gives random users full permissions.What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that: Source control like git or svn. Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www- data")Servers like apache or lighthttpd. And PHP/Perl/Rubycan all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www..? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod - R 1. Is this correct? Update 1: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since none of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw- rw- r- - permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personnel (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host.Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder.However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them.Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below).However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this.Therefore I have started a bounty. The person who has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins. Super Mario: Mario Forever - Free PC Game← Back to Free PC Games List. Quick Super Mario 3: Mario Forever Download Links→ All. Games. Ato. Z. com→ Acid Play→ download. About Super Mario: Mario Forever. Super Mario 3: Mario Forever is a remake of the original Nintendo classic Super Mario Brothers game released in the 1. The original version of Super Mario 3: Mario Forever was released a number of years ago by Buziol Games, a developer that specializes in clones and remakes of classic platform games such as Super Mario, Sonic the Hedgehog, Legend of Zelda, Metroid and many other platformers. ![]() ![]() This version of Mario Worker is the most knowed, but is also less good than 1.0 one. Mario Worker 1.1 was publish on 2006 by Michal Gdaniec (Buziol Games), and it is. Do you know the fangame "Super Mario Bros. 3 - Mario Forever" made by Michal Gdaniec (Buziol Games)? Then, "Mario Worker" is it's opensource editor, made always by. Mario Forever is really a fantastic Mario remake created with Multimedia Fusion br br Once again you strap on your wrench and hardhat and guide the chubby plumber. Super Mario: Mario Forever has gone through a number of updates and redevelopment over the years along with slight name changes during each update. The update from 2. Super Mario Forever 2. Super Mario: Mario Forever 2. Regardless of the name the game remains one of the best Super Mario clones available for the PC. It offers slick graphics that stay true to the official Nintendo games and excellent game play. Super Mario 3: Mario Forever is a free PC remake of the classic Nintendo Super Mario Bros game. Created by Buziol Games Super Mario 3: Mario Forever has gone through. The game's storyline also stays faithful to the original classics. Super Mario: Mario Forever Game Play. In Super Mario: Mario Forever, players control Mario and will strap on Mario's hardhat as they jump, fire and collect coins through various levels to fulfill the ultimate quest. Game levels and maps include underwater caverns, fiery lava, flying and much more. The controls available to Mario are everything found in the original. They are also as easy to use and learn as the Nintendo version after a few run tries. Making it even better is using an old school, retro Nintendo controller for the PC. Super Mario: Mario Forever also includes hidden maps and levels that make the game extra special when compared to the dozens of other Super Mario clones. One such world is the Owaga World, which is insanely difficult to win. To gain access to Owaga World, from the start screen guide Mario as far to the right of the screen as you can go and then jump on the platform that is two blocks wide. Then hold down the Z key and jump as far to the right as you can. If successful you will be transported into the secret area where you'll continue to move Mario along to the right until you come to a seemingly dead end pipe. This pipe actually allows you to enter and go down into the level called Owaga World. About Buziol Games. Buziol Games is the developer of Super Mario: Mario Forever in addition to a number of other platform games both Mario and non- Mario. Some of their more popular titles include Mario Forever Galaxy and Street Fighter 3. Buziol also hosts a Nintendo remake site know as Softendo as well as their Buziol. Download. CNET page for Softendo/Buziol for downloading their games. More Super Mario Clones. While Super Mario: Mario Forever is considered by many to be the best Super Mario clone available for the PC there are a number of other quality Mario games available for free download and play on the PC. They include the before mentioned Mario Forever Galaxy, as well as Super Mario XP, Mario Worlds and Super Mario Epic 2 to name a few. Download Links & Sites. The lists of hosting sites below for Super Mario: Mario Forever are safe to visit and download from. One word of caution when downloading and installing anything from the web is to be sure to read all of the fine print as your installing. Some installers may include third party add- ons that can change default search engine, home page and other browser settings.→ All. Games. Ato. Z. com→ Acid Play→ download. HANDMADEJose Garcia Antonio, blind master potter from Mexico and one of his seductive clay mermaids, made onsite at the market. There are incredible markets around the world and then there is the International Folk Art Market in Santa Fe, New Mexico, an event that has been happening every July in Museum Hill since 2. Named the face of peace and the number one arts festival in the US by USA Today, this is the biggest global gathering of its kind. This year, 2. 5,0. The market starts with a parade of the artists welcomed by the city of Santa Fe as they gather in the main plaza welcomed by a Cuban live band. Li Edelkoort, the honorary chair for 2. Keith Recker, the creative director, read the names of each country and cried when Syria was called.This market is humanity, humanity at its core” said Li to an audience of culture bearers who blur borders with an eye- dazzling convergence of handmade forms, textures, and designs—textiles, jewelry, beadwork, basketry, wood carvings, ceramics, rugs, glass and metal work, sculpture, mixed media, toys, and more. In these turbulent times, it’s an amazing experience to be part of something based on beauty and respect.Face to face with artists from over 5. ![]() As one of the 1. 54 artists who participated this year said, “The market is everything that’s right with the world” affirmed Keith Recker, IFAA Creative Director and board member. Kavita Parmar from IOU Project was a first time participant in Innovation Inspiration, a special exhibition area featuring works by 3. I have had the opportunity as a designer to present my work in many shows and fairs around the globe including fashion capitals like Paris, New York, Florence, Milan etc. I have never encountered such a strong sense of community and an incredibly beautiful empathy within the artisans, the clients and the many staff and volunteers of the IFAA. The client response I have had even after coming back from the show has reinforced my belief that the customer is looking for authenticity and a direct dialogue with the craftsperson and this is one of the answers to the future of a true luxury shopping experience. Carla Fernandez, from Mexico and also a first time participant, said that she was very surprised to encounter a spiritual experience sort of a boot camp of the positive, the possible and the future where sharing is the currency. She has been to many shows around the world just selling her products but this is the only time where she has felt a real support, a real sense of community. The show reaffirmed her belief that the future is handmade, that this is a possible and relevant future that can be a sustainable thriving business. She also said she encountered the real America, one that favors diversity and culture and a very different one from the one in the news. Porfirio Gutierrez from Oaxaca who participated in 2. To be accepted means to receive a special recognition and be the beneficiary of all the knowledge and care by a pull of top specialists in different areas such as branding, entrepreneurship, marketing etc. Porfirio was very proud to be chosen as a mentor this year, helping first time artisans to get around. Somporn Intaraprayong from Thailand, represented by Chinalai, has participated 8 times at the market. Her booth is the first stop of any serious textile collector and one of the first to sell out. This year she was invited as a panelist where she spoke from the heart about her community of seamstresses and sewers who use stitches to tell stories of the rice fields and their daily lives. ![]() Top VIdeos. Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /srv/users/serverpilot/apps/jujaitaly/public/index.php on line 447. 1 I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul. Statistical Techniques | Statistical Mechanics. From Nitro PDF Software: Use PDF Download to do whatever you like with PDF files on the Web and regain control. Web to PDF--Convert any Web pages to high-quality PDF. Jose Garcia Antonio, blind master potter from Mexico and one of his seductive clay mermaids, made onsite at the market. She includes everyone who needs and wants to work, they all have a chance and get the most important teaching of all: there is also beauty in imperfection, beauty in every process, beauty in every stitch. Olga Reiche from Guatemala has been to the market 8 times representing pik’bil textiles from the Queckchi ethnic group of Coban. These lace type textiles were nearly extinct with all the Chinese imports. Olga, the daughter of a German and an indigenous woman from Coban, remembers visiting her grandmother and being mesmerized by her silver jewelry and intricate white lace dress made using one thread hand spun cotton, back strap loom and white on white. Eight years ago, Olga saw the market as the perfect place to present to the world this technique and to use this as an “excuse” to rescue the knowledge and convince the artisans that there is a market that appreciates their heritage. I have the highest respect for the show, I know I will be surrounded by the best of the best, all chosen carefully according to principles of ethics, respect, tradition, heritage and culture. There is no place in the world where artisans are respected and honored like in Santa Fe”. Olga travels to the market with Amalia Gue, a weaver from a remote village who at 3. Olga’s. Fe Francis is the name of Amalia’s baby, named after the patron of the city and the market. Indeed, this is not a market, this is a miracle, as one of the slogans claims. The Santa Fe Folk Art Market is a community of ideals around sustainability, entrepreneurship, empowerment, diversity, well being and cultural preservation. Artists go home with 9. This impact is especially great for disenfranchised women and artists from developing countries, where artisan work is second only to agriculture and daily income averages less than $3. For both consumers and artists, the most positive path to the future is handmade.” Affirms Keith Recker. Seeing these cultural treasures and meeting the artists creates a connectivity that stirs the heart, opens the mind, and invites us to speak a single language,” says Judith Espinar, a co- founder of the Market. Through folk art, hope grows and understanding spreads across the world.”Marcella Echavarriawww. Marcella Echavarria is a Colombian- born, Mexico City based lifestyle specialist. She collaborates with designers and artisans around the world developing links that connect local knowledge with global trends. Her specialty is branding luxury and sustainability in a way that preserves cultures and traditions. Instagram. Collectivo 1. Grados, a collective of Mexican potters, makes modern forms using traditional methods and finishes. Left: Densely stitched indigo textiles by Thailand’s Somporn Intaraprayong Right: Li Edelkoort shopping at Somporn’s stand. Generously scaled Thai tribal silver jewelry was included among the textiles at Somporn Intaraprayong’s stand. Detail of a hooked rug made from recycled clothing by Cooperative de las Alfombras de Mujeres Mayas de Guatemala, a group of over 6. An array of indigo and natural cotton textiles by Somporn Intaraprayong. Detail of the sensuous stitchery of Somporn Intaraprayong. Detail of the recycled running stitch quilts of India’s Siddi Quilters, an African diaspora group whose work combines Indian and ancestral influences. Naturally dyed silks by Somporn Intaraprayong. Peruvian textile artist, author, and community organizer Nilda Callanaupa demonstrating the basics of hand spinning the Incan way. Details of hand- sewn, hand- embroidered, and hand- trimmed traditional Mexican blouses. Nepalese carpet weaver Sandeep Pokhrel shows off the lush tactility of his work. Kyrgyz felter Fariza Sheisheye stands in front of a massive, masterful felt carpet that sold moments after the opening bell. Details of jackets and tunics from the workshop of Uzbek ikat master Fazlitdin Dadajonov, who learned his skills from his father and grandfather. A member of the Valadez family, whose Huichol yarn paintings and beaded objects are market favorites for over a decade. The sisal- beaded edges of Tintsaba baskets from a women’s cooperative in Swaziland. Rushana Burkhanova sits atop a luxuriant pile of intricate Uzbek rugs from the Bukhara Carpet Weaving School. Left: an embroidery artist from Qasab Kutch, whose revival of 1. Right: a sculpture from Mexico’s Juan Garcia Antonio Stitch by Stitch founded by designer Graham Hollick is run by Graham and Karen Sear Shimali. They work with embroiderers and textile artisans in Gujarat, India to create hand crafted contemporary textiles for the home. After several life- changing trips to India, Graham admits to feeling as though he must have lived in India in a past life. One of the things that really excites me about India, is the visibility of craftsmanship everywhere you go: statue makers, weavers, kite makers.. This is lost in our culture - it's just not an everyday thing." says Graham. Download Python | Python. Open. PGP Public Keys. Source and binary executables are signed by the release manager using their. Open. PGP key. The release managers and binary builders since Python 2. Note: Barry's key id A7. B0. 6BF is used to sign the Python 2. In this tutorial we will explain how to Deploy Java 8 with package in the SCCM 2012. The deployment based on script silently installation. · Is the deployment type set to "Install for user" for it's installation behavior? If so, this definitely uses the users credentials to install the. His key id EA5. BBD7. Python 2. 6 and 3. ![]() His key id ED9. D7. D5 is a v. 3 key and was used to sign older. MD5 key and rejected by more recent implementations, ED9. D7. 7D5. is no longer included in the public key file. 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Extracting a Java.MSI file from a Java.EXE file in Windows 7 can be done by Downloading the latest Java.EXE file, then Start the Java Installation.I am trying to install Java 6 update 18 and am getting the error: "This installation package could not be opened. Contact the application vendor to verify that this. Information on tools for unpacking archive files. Tip: even if you download a ready- made binary for your. This lets you browse the standard library (the subdirectory Lib). Demo) and tools. (Tools) that come with it. There's a lot you can learn from the. There is also a collection of Emacs packages. Emacsing Pythoneer might find useful. This includes major. Python, C, C++, Java, etc., Python debugger.Most packages are compatible with Emacs and.XEmacs. Want to contribute? Want to contribute? See the Python Developer's Guide. Python development is managed. Java SE - Downloads | Oracle Technology Network Updates for Java SE 7 released after April 2. Java SE 6 released after April 2. Oracle Customers through My Oracle Support (requires support login). Java SE Advanced offers users commercial features, access to critical bug fixes, security fixes, and general maintenance. An error occurred while setting your user cookie.Please set your. browser to accept cookies to continue.NEJM. org uses cookies to improve performance by remembering your.ID when you navigate from page to page. This cookie stores just a. ID; no other information is captured. Accepting the NEJM cookie is. Community and Other Approaches to Promote Oral Health and Prevent Oral Disease. The remarkable improvements in oral health over the past half century reflect the strong science base for prevention of oral diseases that has been developed and applied in the community, in clinical practice, and in the home. This chapter presents the evidence for key preventive measures for those oral conditions that pose the greatest burden to U. S. society. Because the emphasis given to each condition discussed here reflects the extent of the evidence for the associated preventive measures, the chapter is heavily weighted toward the prevention and control of dental caries, for which multiple effective preventive modalities have been developed. The dental profession has long championed disease prevention and health promotion approaches to oral health. The initial observations in the 1. Researchers compared whole cities agreeing to fluoridate their water supplies to control cities whose drinking water contained only trace amounts of fluoride. Five years into the studies, follow- up with schoolchildren who had been examined at baseline revealed dramatic reductions in dental caries in the children drinking fluoridated water, as compared to controls. The overwhelming success of the studies led to a widespread adoption of community water fluoridation in the United States as a high- benefit, low- cost preventive method that benefited old and young, rich and poor alike. ![]() Continuing Education. Practical Oral Care for People With Developmental Disabilities – This booklet presents an overview of physical, mental, and behavioral. Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare. Element Scandium (Sc), Group 3, Atomic Number 21, d-block, Mass 44.956. Sources, facts, uses, scarcity (SRI), podcasts, alchemical symbols, videos and images. It also provided momentum for health practitioners, researchers, industry, and public health directors to consider other kinds of community- wide, provider- based, and individual strategies aimed at improving oral and general health. Most common oral diseases can be prevented through a combination of community, professional, and individual strategies. ![]() The strategies selected here include disease prevention and health promotion interventions directed toward the public, practitioners, and policymakers to create a healthy environment, reduce risk factors, inform target groups, and improve knowledge and behaviors. They were selected on the basis of the significance of the health problem they were designed to prevent, whether in terms of prevalence, incidence, severity, cost, or impact on quality of life (see Chapters 4 and 6).Table 7. 1 summarizes the strategies for the primary prevention of caries, periodontal diseases, oral and pharyngeal cancers, inherited disorders, and trauma, distinguishing among those that can be implemented community- wide, through health professionals, or through the exercise of individual responsibility.Some strategies can be applied at multiple levels.Box 7. 1 provides a glossary of terms related to community health programs. This chapter also includes a discussion of knowledge and practices of the public and health care providers regarding the three oral conditions about which we have the most knowledge. The purpose of this discussion is not to outline specific health promotion strategies to enhance knowledge and practices but to indicate the opportunities and needs for both broad- based and targeted health promotion programs and activities. WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE THAT INTERVENTIONS WORKResearchers, policymakers, and practitioners make judgments about whether a health intervention works based on estimates of its efficacy or effectiveness. Estimates of an intervention's efficacy are best based on randomized controlled trials, which may be conducted under ideal circumstances. Evidence for whether an intervention works when applied in the community at large is referred to as its effectiveness (O'Mullane 1. The distinction between efficacy and effectiveness is often blurred in dental public health programs because the studies and their settings can be very similar. Nevertheless, the major difference between the two lies in the degree of control exerted over factors that can affect results. Effectiveness studies more accurately reflect results that may be expected from the implementation of interventions. The current trend in health care and public health is to base recommendations on evidence derived from systematic reviews of the literature and an assessment of the quality of evidence. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force (1. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination (Ismail and Lewis 1. Lewis and Ismail 1. Similar reviews of the evidence of effectiveness for community preventive services are currently under way by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (2. These reports provide clear statements about the evidence and recommendations for or against a given strategy. The discussion in this chapter is more illustrative than comprehensive. Readers are encouraged to seek specific guidance from the reports of the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force where available. Furthermore, because of the interest in community preventive services, "expert opinion" about the merits of community interventions is included, even though the work of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services has not been completed. Expert opinion is formed by less systematic reviews of the literature or addresses interventions to be applied in settings other than those previously studied. In particular, suggestions are offered for several interventions intended to reduce oral disease and promote oral health that reflect the opinion of experts who contributed to this report. Until findings from additional research are available, expert opinion remains the best guidance for community interventions where only efficacy studies have been done or where they were applied to populations with different attributes or risk factors than those of current interest. Also, expert opinion has been used where there is an interest in criteria that were not considered in previous efficacy studies, such as cost- effectiveness and practicality. Readers interested in more detailed information about interventions in areas such as control of tobacco use or motor vehicle safety are directed to the upcoming report of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (2. Interventions included in this chapter (and highlighted in Table 7. The anticipated benefits may be difficult to determine. In general, the per capita cost of an intervention is lower for community interventions and is usually a function of the number of people reached for a given level of professional effort. Effectiveness, however, is often a function of the risk characteristics of a given individual in the group receiving the intervention. Such risk factors are often easier to target by individual practitioners than by community programs. In the absence of contemporary data, the promotion of strategies deemed to be more cost- effective than others relies on the opinion of experts. Individual decision making regarding self- or provider care further reflects the subjective value placed on the outcome of care. Therefore, it is not possible to make general statements about the superiority of any given approach. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DENTAL CARIESAlthough many caries prevention strategies, notably community water fluoridation and use of a fluoride- containing dentifrice, benefit adults and children alike, most of our understanding of the effectiveness of these strategies comes from the study of children, during a life stage when caries incidence is high. Caries prevention programs have been designed and evaluated for children and have used a variety of fluoride and dental sealant strategies applied separately and together. Because these strategies are complementary, their use in combination has the potential of virtually eliminating dental caries in all children. However, dental caries is a problem for all ages. Although direct evidence of caries preventive strategies in adults is limited, the evidence that does exist is consistent with expected effects based on experience with children. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently convened an expert work group to develop recommendations for modalities to prevent and control dental caries based on a review of publications selected by the work group and other experts. The resulting recommendations are summarized in Table 7. U. S. Preventive Services Task Force (CDC in press). Fluoride. Fluoride reduces the incidence of dental caries and slows or reverses the progression of existing lesions (i. How do I get rid of the Out of Office reply in Lync? 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